I'm bound to learn the STM32 microcontroller, in the shortest possible time, for an ongoing project. While searching for resources and references on the web, I found this book,
Discovering the STM32 Microcontroller, written by Geoffrey Brown.
The author says the book is written as a hands-on manual for learning the STM32 microcontroller. A quick browse of it shows it is so. The sample projects use actual peripherals that you may have to deal with, including the Wii Nunchuck (for demonstrating the I2C protocol).
For newcomers to the STM32 microcontroller, I think this is a great start. It saves you the time from reading all the technical details in the reference manuals and figuring out how to apply what you've just read from them on your project.